You will develop a mathematical framework for multiple testing, enabling flexibility in study design, analysis, and model choice while retaining strong error guarantees. This means that researchers can adapt their research questions and sampling plans to the data as they come in and in a way that is as model-free as possible. We achieve this by combining three recent exciting novel developments in mathematical statistics. The new theory of hypothesis testing with e-values, co-developed by Dr. Rianne de Heide, allows for flexible sampling plans. Prof.