In 2035, cancer will have become the leading cause of death in the EU. Therapy resistance is a key contributor to high recurrence rates, morbidity, and mortality. Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is the most common type of esophageal cancer in the Western world, and a prime example of a cancer that is highly resistant to therapy. Despite recent developments of treatment strategies, long-term survival remains low. Prominent factors that contribute to the poor outcome of EAC are a high degree of acquired resistance, and heterogeneous responses to therapies.