The PhD candidates of this project will first perform epidemiological research in large existing cohort studies. They will then invite 5.000 people at medium to high risk for developing lung disease to perform a large questionnaire study. After selection, they will include 350 of these participants in a clinical study. When data collection is finished, the candidates will perform (statistical and bioinformatical) analyses in clinical, -omics and exposome data. The PhD candidates will have the opportunity to write publications and to present their work on (inter)national conferences.