European University Institute and The Department of History and Civilization (HEC) offers a distinctive programme of transnational and comparative European history in a global perspective. Study and research activities are structured in a four-year Ph.D. programme, which is one of the largest and most successful in Europe. The teaching programme for the Ph.D. in History and Civilization includes departmental, training and research seminars, as well as other activities such as conferences, workshops, and lectures.