The booming numbers of devices with access to the internet for body networks, personal networks and in-door access networks imply that exponential growth in Internet driven traffic will continue at compounded annual growth rates of 30-60%. The current communication backbone of our information driven society is based on single mode fibre (SMF) where the most powerful current SMF systems are based on 100Gbit/s coherent transmission, exploiting polarization and wavelength division multiplexing together with advanced modulation formats and digital signal processing.